1
 Population Drain Ends For Midwestern States 
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TextualOrganization

2
 IOWA IS MAKING a comeback.
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span

3
 So are Indiana, Ohio and Michigan.
2
elaboration-additional

4
 The population of all four states is on the upswing, 
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span

5
according to new Census Bureau estimates, 
4
attribution

6
following declines throughout the early 1980s.
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circumstance

7
 The gains, 
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Same-Unit

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to be sure,
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comment-e

9
 are rather small.
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span

10
 Iowa, for instance, saw its population grow by 11,000 people, or 0.4%, between 1987 and 1988, 
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span

11
the Census Bureau says.
10
attribution

12
 Still, even that modest increase is good news for a state 
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span

13
that hadn't grown at all since 1981.
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elaboration-object-attribute-e

14
 Between 1987 and 1988, North Dakota was the only state in the Midwest
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span

15
 to lose population, a loss of 4,000 people. 
14
elaboration-object-attribute-e

16
Six of the 12 midwestern states have been growing steadily since 1980 
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span

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-- Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota and Wisconsin.
16
elaboration-set-member-e

18
 The Northeast has been holding its own in the population race.
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span

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 Seven of nine states have grown each year since 1980, 
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span

20
including New York, 
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span

21
which lost 4% of its population during the 1970s.
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elaboration-additional-e

22
 And 
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Same-Unit

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although Pennsylvania and Massachusetts suffered slight declines earlier in the decade, 
24
concession-e

24
they are growing again.
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span

25
 At the same time, several states in the South and West have had their own population turnaround.
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span

26
 Seven states 
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span

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that grew in the early 1980s 
26
elaboration-object-attribute-e

28
are now losing population 
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Same-Unit

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-- West Virginia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Montana, Wyoming and Alaska.
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elaboration-set-member-e

30
 Overall, though, the South and West still outpace the Northeast and Midwest,
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List

31
 and fast-growing states like Florida and California ensure 
32
attribution

32
that the pattern will continue.
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33
 But the growth gap between the Sun Belt and other regions has clearly started narrowing.
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span

34
 More Elderly Maintain Their Independence 
5032
TextualOrganization

35
 THANKS TO modern medicine, more couples are growing old together.
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span

36
 And 
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Same-Unit

37
even after losing a spouse, 
38
concession-e

38
more of the elderly are staying independent. 
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span

39
A new Census Bureau study of the noninstitutionalized population shows 
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attribution

40
that 64% of people 
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span

41
aged 65 to 74
40
elaboration-object-attribute-e

42
 were living with a spouse in 1988, up from 59% in 1970.
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Same-Unit

43
 This doesn't mean they're less likely to live alone, however.
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span

44
 That share has remained at about 24% since 1970.
43
explanation-argumentative

45
 What has changed is that more of the young elderly are living with spouses rather than with other relatives, such as children.
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span

46
 In 1988, 10% of those 
5044
span

47
aged 65 to 74 
46
elaboration-object-attribute-e

48
lived with relatives other than spouses, down from 15% in 1970.
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Same-Unit

49
 As people get even older, 
5047
Sequence

50
many become widowed.
5047
Sequence

51
 But even among those 
5049
span

52
aged 75 and older, 
51
elaboration-object-attribute-e

53
the share 
5051
span

54
living with a spouse 
53
elaboration-object-attribute-e

55
rose slightly, to 40% in 1988 from 38% in 1970.
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Same-Unit

56
 Like their younger counterparts, the older elderly are less likely to live with other relatives.
5053
span

57
 Only 17% of those 
5054
span

58
aged 75 and older
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elaboration-object-attribute-e

59
 lived with relatives other than spouses in 1988, down from 26% in 1970.
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Same-Unit

60
 The likelihood 
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span

61
of living alone beyond the age of 75 
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elaboration-object-attribute-e

62
has increased to 40% from 32%.
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Same-Unit

63
 More people are remaining independent longer 
5060
span

64
presumably because they are better off physically and financially.
63
circumstance

65
 Careers Count Most For the Well-to-Do 
5061
TextualOrganization

66
 MANY AFFLUENT people place personal success and money above family.
5062
span

67
 At least that's what a survey by Ernst & Young and Yankelovich, Clancy, Shulman indicates.
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span

68
 Two-thirds of respondents said 
5065
attribution

69
they strongly felt the need 
5065
span

70
to be successful in their jobs, 
69
elaboration-object-attribute-e

71
while fewer than half said 
5068
attribution

72
they strongly felt the need
5068
span

73
 to spend more time with their families.
72
elaboration-object-attribute-e

74
 Being successful in careers and spending the money
5070
span

75
 they make 
74
elaboration-object-attribute-e

76
are top priorities for this group.
5071
Same-Unit

77
 Unlike most studies of the affluent market, this survey excluded the super-rich.
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span

78
 Average household income for the sample was $194,000,
5074
List

79
 and average net assets were reported as $775,000.
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List

80
 The goal was to learn about one of today's fastest-growing income groups, the upper-middle class.
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span

81
 Although they represent only 2% of the population,
82
concession

82
 they control nearly one-third of discretionary income.
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span

83
 Across the board, these consumers value quality, 
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List

84
buy what they like 
5080
span

85
rather than just what they need, 
84
preference

86
and appreciate products
5081
span

87
 that are distinctive. 
86
elaboration-object-attribute-e

88
 Despite their considerable incomes and assets, 
5086
concession

89
40% of the respondents in the study don't feel financially secure, 
5084
List

90
and one-fourth don't feel 
91
attribution-n

91
that they have made it.
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span

92
 Twenty percent don't even feel 
93
attribution-n

93
they are financially well off.
5087
span

94
 Many of the affluent aren't comfortable with themselves, either.
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span

95
 About 40% don't feel
96
attribution-n

96
 they're more able than others.
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span

97
 While twothirds feel some guilt 
5092
span

98
about being affluent,
97
elaboration-object-attribute-e

99
 only 25% give $2,500 or more to charity each year.
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span

100
 Thirty-five percent attend religious services regularly;
5095
Temporal-Same-Time

101
 at the same time, 60% feel 
102
attribution

102
that in life one sometimes has to compromise one's principles.
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span

103
 Odds and Ends 
5097
TextualOrganization

104
 THE NUMBER of women and minorities 
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span

105
who hold jobs in top management in the nation's largest banks 
104
elaboration-object-attribute-e

106
has more than doubled since 1978.
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Same-Unit

107
 The American Bankers Association says 
108
attribution

108
that women make up 47% of officials and managers in the top 50 banks, up from 33% in 1978.
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span

109
 The share of minorities in those positions has risen to 16% from 12%. . . . 
5101
elaboration-additional

110
Per-capita personal income in the U.S. grew faster than inflation last year, 
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span

111
according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
110
attribution

112
 The amount of income 
5106
span

113
divvied up for each man, woman and child 
112
elaboration-object-attribute-e

114
was $16,489 in 1988, up 6.6% from $15,472 in 1987.
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Same-Unit

115
 Per capita personal income ranged from $11,116 in Mississippi to $23,059 in Connecticut. . . . 
5105
elaboration-additional

116
There are 13.1 million students in college this fall, up 2% from 1988, 
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span

117
the National Center for Education Statistics estimates.
116
attribution

118
 About 54% are women, 
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List

119
and 44% are part-time students.
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List

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multinuc
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TextualOrganization

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summary-n

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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example

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evaluation-s

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TextualOrganization

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List

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multinuc
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background

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List

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List

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span
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List

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span
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elaboration-set-member-e

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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multinuc
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List

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span
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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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span
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elaboration-additional

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List

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multinuc
33
antithesis

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span
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List

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span
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concession

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multinuc



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multinuc
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TextualOrganization

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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span
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TextualOrganization

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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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explanation-argumentative

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interpretation-s

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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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elaboration-additional

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multinuc
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Contrast

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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Same-Unit

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span

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span
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elaboration-additional

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span
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Same-Unit

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multinuc
56
explanation-argumentative

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span
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Contrast

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span
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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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span

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span
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elaboration-additional

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span
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elaboration-additional

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multinuc
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TextualOrganization

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TextualOrganization

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span

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span
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Contrast

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multinuc
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Contrast

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explanation-argumentative

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Same-Unit

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multinuc
5066
interpretation-s

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elaboration-additional

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span

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multinuc
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explanation-argumentative

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span
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span
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span
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elaboration-additional

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span
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elaboration-additional

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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List

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List

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span
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span

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multinuc
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multinuc
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span
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span
5075
elaboration-additional

5089
span
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elaboration-additional

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span
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multinuc
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explanation-argumentative

5092
span
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antithesis

5093
span
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List

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span
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elaboration-additional

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multinuc
5082
elaboration-additional

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span
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Temporal-Same-Time

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multinuc
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TextualOrganization

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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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span
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Topic-Shift

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explanation-argumentative

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multinuc
5097
TextualOrganization

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span

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Same-Unit

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multinuc
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elaboration-additional

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Topic-Shift

5109
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span

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Topic-Shift

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multinuc
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Same-Unit

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Same-Unit

