1
 William D. Forrester, president of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Trade and Economic Council, has a warning for U.S. companies 
5001
span

2
trying to do business in the Soviet Union.
1
elaboration-object-attribute-e

3
 It's an extremely complex market,
5003
List

4
 and you have to be prepared to make a big commitment,
5003
List

5
 Mr. Forrester says.
5003
attribution

6
 We are not trying to encourage everyone.
5004
elaboration-additional

7
 Undeterred by such words of caution,
8
circumstance

8
 corporate America is flocking to Moscow, 
5007
span

9
lured by a huge untapped market and Mikhail Gorbachev's attempt
5009
span

10
 to overhaul the Soviet economy.
9
elaboration-object-attribute-e

11
 Doing business with the Russians, once the pursuit of a handful of hardened veterans, has become the goal of such major companies as General Motors Corp., Federal Express Corp. and Procter & Gamble Co., as well as a cluster of smaller firms.
5011
span

12
 Reflecting the new-found interest,
5013
circumstance

13
 more than 140 U.S. companies are taking part in a Moscow exhibition
5013
span

14
 organized by Mr. Forrester's trade group.
13
elaboration-additional-e

15
 But
5018
Same-Unit

16
 while U.S. interest may be big and growing,
5017
concession-e

17
 the difficulties
5016
span

18
 that have stymied deals in the past
17
elaboration-object-attribute-e

19
 show no sign of abating. 
5017
Same-Unit

20
Alongside the old problems of a non-convertible currency and an inpenetrable bureaucracy, Western business executives must now grapple with new complexities 
5020
span

21
linked to perestroika, the restructuring of the Soviet economy.
20
elaboration-object-attribute-e

22
 Executives say 
5024
attribution

23
Mr. Gorbachev's moves 
5023
span

24
to break up the government's foreign trade monopoly 
23
elaboration-object-attribute-e

25
have created uncertainties as well as opportunities.
5024
Same-Unit

26
 Changing legislation has opened the field to thousands of inexperienced Soviet players, many 
5026
span

27
who promise more 
5027
Comparison

28
than they can deliver.
5027
Comparison

29
 And some foreign firms are finding
5031
attribution

30
 that
5031
Same-Unit

31
 even when they manage to overcome such hurdles,
32
concession-e

32
 their ventures now have to be endorsed by such unpredictable bodies as the Soviet parliament and the governments of the nation's republics.
5113
span

33
 You have to go out to all your constituents, 
5033
span

34
says James H. Giffen,
5034
span

35
 who is spearheading the most ambitious attempt by U.S. firms 
5035
span

36
to break into the Soviet market, 
35
elaboration-object-attribute-e

37
involving investment of more than $5 billion in some two dozen joint ventures.
5035
elaboration-additional-e

38
 As part of that attempt, by the American Trade Consortium,
5114
span

39
 Mr. Giffen says
38
attribution-e

40
 he spends a lot of time lobbying.
5039
Same-Unit

41
 Growing public fears about the Soviet environment is one new factor 
5041
span

42
affecting some joint-venture plans.
41
elaboration-object-attribute-e

43
 Over the past two years, Soviet ministries have been talking to international firms, 
5043
span

44
including Occidental Petroleum Co. and Combustion Engineering Inc. of the U.S., Montedison S.p. A. of Italy and several Japanese groups, 
43
example-e

45
about jointly building and operating several big petrochemical plants.
5044
Same-Unit

46
 The plans have come under fire from Soviet environmentalists,
5046
List

47
 and officials say 
48
attribution

48
many are likely to be scaled back or dropped.
5047
span

49
 Whatever the difficulties, Mr. Gorbachev remains committed to increasing foreign trade.
5049
span

50
 For political as well as economic reasons, U.S. companies are at the top of his priorities 
5050
span

51
-- a point he underscored 
5051
span

52
by spending two hours walking around the U.S. trade show last week.
51
means

53
 Talking to a small group of U.S. executives afterwards,
5054
temporal-same-time

54
 Mr. Gorbachev appeared impatient for a big expansion in U.S.-Soviet trade,
5054
span

55
 which now amounts to a meager $3 billion annually.
54
elaboration-additional-e

56
 The U.S. ranks fourth of countries
5056
span

57
 that have concluded joint ventures,
56
elaboration-object-attribute-e

58
 behind West Germany, Finland and Italy.
5057
Same-Unit

59
 According to several people present at the meeting,
5060
attribution

60
 Mr. Gorbachev also supported the idea 
5060
span

61
of concluding several commercial accords with the U.S., possibly at his next summit meeting with President Bush.
60
elaboration-object-attribute-e

62
 Judging by the crush at the exhibition, 
63
comment

63
deprived Soviet consumers are more than ready for U.S. products.
5062
span

64
 Hundreds of people lined up every day at the Colgate-Palmolive Co. stand 
5064
span

65
to receive a free tube of toothpaste, a commodity in chronically short supply here. 
64
purpose

66
And unruly crowds at RJR Nabisco Inc. 's booth almost knocked over a glass showcase in the rush
5066
span

67
 to get a free Camel cigarette sticker.
66
elaboration-object-attribute-e

68
 Some U.S. products are filtering into the Soviet market under an emergency import program.
5068
span

69
 Both Colgate and Procter & Gamble have received big orders for toothpaste, soap and detergents.
5069
List

70
 The American Trade Consortium says 
5072
attribution

71
it is planning to ship some $500 million of consumer goods, 
5071
span

72
financed by bank credits,
71
elaboration-additional-e

73
 in the first few months of next year.
5072
List

74
 But the current Soviet purchasing spree may be a one-time affair.
5074
span

75
 The goal of most U.S. firms 
5075
span

76
-- joint ventures -- 
75
elaboration-general-specific-e

77
remains elusive. 
5076
Same-Unit

78
Because the Soviet ruble isn't convertible into dollars, marks and other Western currencies, 
5078
Cause-Result

79
companies 
5079
span

80
that hope to set up production facilities here 
79
elaboration-object-attribute-e

81
must either export some of the goods 
5081
span

82
to earn hard currency 
81
purpose-e

83
or find Soviet goods 
5083
span

84
they can take in a counter-trade transaction.
83
elaboration-object-attribute-e

85
 International competition for the few Soviet goods
5085
span

86
 that can be sold on world markets 
85
elaboration-object-attribute-e

87
is heating up, however.
5086
Same-Unit

88
 Shelley M. Zeiger, an entrepreneur from New Jersey 
5088
span

89
who buys Soviet porcelain and matryoshka nesting dolls for export to the U.S.,
88
elaboration-object-attribute-e

90
 says 
5089
Same-Unit

91
West German companies already have snapped up much of the production of these items.
5090
span

92
 Seeking to overcome the currency problems, 
5093
reason

93
Mr. Giffen's American Trade Consortium,
5092
span

94
 which comprises Chevron Corp., RJR, Johnson & Johnson, Eastman Kodak Co., and Archer-Daniels-Midland Co.,
93
elaboration-set-member-e

95
 has concocted an elaborate scheme 
5095
span

96
to share out dollar earnings, largely from the revenues of a planned Chevron oil project.
95
elaboration-object-attribute-e

97
 Several medical concerns,
5097
span

98
 including Pfizer Inc., Hewlett-Packard Co., Colgate and Abbott Laboratories 
97
example-e

99
intend to pursue a similar consortium approach.
5098
Same-Unit

100
 It's hard to invest capital here on the same basis
5100
Comparison

101
 as investing in other countries, 
5100
Comparison

102
says Dennis A. Sokol, president of Medical Service Partners Inc., 
5102
span

103
who is putting the medical consortium together.
102
elaboration-object-attribute-e

104
 Some U.S. entrepreneurs operate on a smaller scale.
5104
span

105
 One group seeks to publish a U.S.-Soviet medical journal in conjunction with the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health.
5105
span

106
 According to Richard P. Mills, a Boston-based official of the U.S. partner,
107
attribution

107
 10,000 copies of the quarterly will be printed in Russian from next year.
5106
span

108
 It will be financed by advertisements from U.S. companies and by simultaneous publication of an English-language journal 
5108
span

109
containing details of Soviet medical advancements.
108
elaboration-object-attribute-e

110
 We found a market niche, 
5110
span

111
Mr. Mills boasts.
110
attribution

112
 It's truly entrepreneurial.
5110
elaboration-additional

5001
span
5002
span

5002
span
5008
concession

5003
multinuc
5004
span

5004
span
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span

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span
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comment

5006
span
5010
span

5007
span
5008
span

5008
span
5006
span

5009
span
5007
reason

5010
span
5052
concession

5011
span
5019
concession

5012
span
11
elaboration-additional

5013
span
5012
span

5014
span
5006
elaboration-additional

5015
span



5016
span
5017
Same-Unit

5017
multinuc
5112
span

5018
multinuc
5019
span

5019
span
5014
span

5020
span
5021
span

5021
span
5040
List

5022
span
5025
span

5023
span
5024
Same-Unit

5024
multinuc
5022
span

5025
span
5020
explanation-argumentative

5026
span
5028
span

5027
multinuc
26
elaboration-additional-e

5028
span
5022
elaboration-additional

5029
span
5032
span

5030
span



5031
multinuc
5029
span

5032
span
5026
elaboration-additional

5033
span
5037
span

5034
span
33
attribution

5035
span
5036
span

5036
span
34
elaboration-object-attribute-e

5037
span
5029
explanation-argumentative

5038
span



5039
multinuc
5033
elaboration-part-whole

5040
multinuc
5018
example

5041
span
5042
span

5042
span
5040
List

5043
span
5044
Same-Unit

5044
multinuc
5045
span

5045
span
5041
background

5046
multinuc
5044
elaboration-additional

5047
span
5046
List

5048
span
5067
span

5049
span
5052
span

5050
span
49
elaboration-additional

5051
span
50
elaboration-additional-e

5052
span
5048
span

5053
span
5055
span

5054
span
5053
span

5055
span
5058
span

5056
span
5057
Same-Unit

5057
multinuc
5053
elaboration-additional

5058
span
5061
span

5059
span
5055
elaboration-additional

5060
span
5059
span

5061
span
5049
elaboration-additional

5062
span
5063
span

5063
span
5058
elaboration-additional

5064
span
5065
List

5065
multinuc
5062
explanation-argumentative

5066
span
5065
List

5067
span



5068
span
5074
concession

5069
multinuc
68
example

5070
span
5069
List

5071
span
5072
List

5072
multinuc
5070
span

5073
span
5048
elaboration-additional

5074
span
5073
span

5075
span
5076
Same-Unit

5076
multinuc
5077
span

5077
span
74
explanation-argumentative

5078
multinuc
5087
concession

5079
span
5080
Same-Unit

5080
multinuc
5082
Otherwise

5081
span
5080
Same-Unit

5082
multinuc
5078
Cause-Result

5083
span
5082
Otherwise

5084
span
5091
Problem-Solution

5085
span
5086
Same-Unit

5086
multinuc
5087
span

5087
span
5084
span

5088
span
5089
Same-Unit

5089
multinuc
91
attribution

5090
span
5086
example

5091
multinuc
5076
elaboration-additional

5092
span
5093
Same-Unit

5093
multinuc
5094
span

5094
span
5096
span

5095
span
5093
Same-Unit

5096
span
5091
Problem-Solution

5097
span
5098
Same-Unit

5098
multinuc
5099
span

5099
span
5103
span

5100
multinuc
5101
span

5101
span
5098
explanation-argumentative

5102
span
5100
attribution

5103
span
5094
elaboration-additional

5104
span
5099
comparison

5105
span
104
example

5106
span
5107
span

5107
span
5109
span

5108
span
5106
means

5109
span
105
elaboration-additional

5110
span
5111
span

5111
span
5107
comment

5112
span
5018
Same-Unit

5113
span
5031
Same-Unit

5114
span
5039
Same-Unit

