## General index

For brevity, this index does not list items that are included in Treatment of individual words or Word tokenization.

> A ⋅ B ⋅ C ⋅ D ⋅ E ⋅ F ⋅ G ⋅ H ⋅ I ⋅ J ⋅ K ⋅ L ⋅ M ⋅ N ⋅ O ⋅ P ⋅ Q ⋅ R ⋅ S ⋅ T ⋅ U ⋅ V ⋅ W ⋅ X ⋅ Y ⋅ Z ⋅ +T

A (back to top)

Absolute clause
--- headed by active participle (`IP-PPL-ABS`)
--- infinitival (`IP-INF-ABS`)
--- ordinary (`IP-ABS`)
Adjective (`ADJ`)
--- as modifier of elided noun (THE POOR, THE RICH)
--- conjunction of prenominal with postnominal adjective
--- departicipial
--- ending in -MOST
Adjective phrase (`ADJP`)
--- clause-adjoined (`ADJP-CAR`)
--- locative (`ADJP-LOC`)
--- predicate (`ADJP-PRD`)
--- secondary predicate (`ADJP-SPR`)
Adjunct clause
--- bare reason (THE RIVER FROZE, IT WAS SO COLD)
--- infinitival (`IP-INF-ADT`)
Adjunct NP (`NP-ADT`)
Adjunction to CP
Adverb (`ADV`)
--- ending in -MOST
Adverb phrase (`ADVP`)
--- directional (`ADVP-DIR`)
--- locative (`ADVP-LOC`)
--- NP used as adverb
--- temporal (`ADVP-TMP`)
Adverbial clause (`CP-ADV`)
--- AS
--- bare THAT
--- V1
--- WHETHER
Adverbial genitive
Adverbial particle (`RP`)
--- modified by NP measure phrase
ALL THAT degree clause
ALRE plus superlative
Amalgam
Appositive (see Parenthetical)
AS clause
--- AS degree clause
--- AS free relative
--- AS relative clause
--- AS ... SO clause
--- AS X SAID
--- with a gap
--- without a gap
Aside
Asyndetic conditional
Attachment ambiguity
Auxiliary verb

B (back to top)

Backwards gapping
Bare
--- adverbial clause (`CP-ADV`)
--- NP
--- reason adjunct (THE RIVER FROZE, IT WAS SO COLD)
BROTHERS AND SISTERS HAVE I NONE

C (back to top)

Cardinal number (`NUM`)
Chopped preposition
Class I ditransitive
Class II ditransitive
Clausal conjunction
--- and shared modifier
Clause-adjoined
--- adjective phrase (`ADJP-CAR`)
--- noun phrase (`NP-CAR`)
--- relative clause (`CP-CAR`)
Cognate object verb
Collective noun
Color term
Common noun
Comparative
--- AS ... SO clause
--- clause
--- implied
--- subdeletion
--- THE ... MORE clause
--- with empty expletive subject
Comparative adjective
--- apparent comparative
--- as head of `ADJP`
--- as modifier of elided noun
Compass point adjective (EASTERN, NORTHERN, SOUTHERN, WESTERN)
Complex predicate
Compound noun
Concessive clause, difference between PPCME2 and later corpora
Conditional, V1
Conjoined
--- prenominal and postnominal adjective
--- CPs
--- direct speech
--- embedded IPs
--- matrix IPs
Conjunction (phenomenon)
--- and extraposition
--- and negation
--- clausal
--- correlative, phrase-level
--- correlative, word-level
--- of unlike categories
--- phrase-level
--- recursive CONJP structure
--- word-level
Conjunction (POS)
--- coordinating
--- elided
--- floated
--- subordinating (treated as preposition (`P`))
Constituent-final trace
Constituent-initial trace
Contracted BE vs. HAVE
Coordinating conjunction
Copula, elided
Copular verb
Correlative
--- comparative, elided
--- comparative, full
--- conjunction, phrase-level
--- conjunction, word-level
CP
--- adjunction
--- conjunction
--- non-wh
--- recursion
--- wh-
Currency (see Prices)

D (back to top)

DARE (modal or verb)
Dash tags
Date
Dative of possession
Default in ambiguous cases (the default is listed first)
--- AN (`D` > `ONE`)
--- Argument > adjunct
--- Complement > adjunct
--- Contracted BE > HAVE
--- Conjunction > gapping
--- `CP-QUE-SUB` > `CP-FRL`
--- Existential > locative THERE
--- Extraction > parenthetical
--- Extraction > pied piping
--- `FOR` > `P`
--- `FS` > `REP`
--- HER (`PRO` > `PRO$`)
--- HERSELF (`PRO+N` > `PRO$+N`)
--- High attachment > low attachment
--- Indirect question > free relative
--- `IP-ABS`, `IP-PPL-ABS` > `FRAG`
--- `IP-PPL` > `RRC`
--- Movement > parenthetical
--- Movement > pied piping
--- Participial clause or reduced relative clause (no clear default)
--- `PRO` > `PRO$`
--- `PRO+N` > `PRO$+N`
--- Pseudo-imperative > true imperative
--- `QTP` > `FRAG`
--- Subject > floated quantifier
--- Subordinate clause > parenthetical
--- THERE (`EX` > `ADV`)
Default empty category
Degree
--- complement
--- complement, extraposed
--- infinitive with a gap (treated as TOUGH movement)
--- infinitive without a gap
Deletion of stranded preposition
Direct question
--- wh-
--- WHETHER
--- without inversion
--- YES/NO
Direct speech
--- conjoined
Directional
--- adverb phrase (`ADVP-DIR`)
--- noun phrase (`NP-DIR`)
Disfluency
Ditransitive
--- Class I
--- Class II
--- with NP object and clause
Division into sentence tokens
DO (causative vs. periphrastic), difference between PPCME2 and later corpora
Dollar tag
Double-object verb

E (back to top)

EACH IN HIS OWN WAY
ECM (Exceptional Case-Marking)
--- or object control
ECM verb
--- inherent
--- passive of
Elided
--- copula
--- FOR or TO in conjoined infinitive
--- noun
--- main verb
--- verb of motion
Elision
--- in comparative clause
--- in parenthetical clause
Emendation

Empty (see also Elided)
--- categories, position of
--- category
--- category, default
--- complementizer
--- conjoined subject
--- expletive
--- expletive IT
--- expletive THERE
--- object
--- operator (see `CP-EOP`)
--- pro
--- subject
--- subject with arbitrary reference
--- wh- phrase
Event as proper noun
EVER LONGER, THE WORSE
Exclamation
Existential THERE
Expletive
--- in impersonal construction
--- IT
--- object
--- subject
--- subject in comparative clause
--- THERE
Extended tags
Extraposed
--- CONJP
--- degree complement
--- infinitival subject
--- infinitive
--- relative clause
--- THAT clause
Extraposition
--- trace of

F (back to top)

FACE TO FACE
False start (`FS`)
File formats
First and second object
Floated
--- correlative conjunction
--- quantifier
Focus particle
--- attachment
Foreign
--- name
--- word (`FW`)
Fragment (`FRAG`)
Free relative (`CP-FRL`)
--- adverbial
--- AS
--- infinitival
--- non-wh
--- with verb fronting
--- wh-
--- WHETHER
Frequency

G (back to top)

Gapping
--- backwards
GATE
Genitive
--- adverbial
Genitive/possessive
--- modifier of noun
--- noun
Gerund (see also Participial clause)
--- nominal versus mixed
GIVE ME TO DRINK (see Purpose infinitive with a gap)
Group as proper noun

H (back to top)

HAND AND FOOT
HIM ANE
HOW BE IT (THAT), HOWBEIT clause, difference between PPCME2 and later corpora

I (back to top)

I KNOW NOT WHAT (see Amalgam)
Imperative
--- functionally equivalent to IF clause (see Pseudo-imperative)
Impersonal construction, expletive in
Implied
--- comparative
--- conditional (see Pseudo-imperative)
Indefinite pronoun MAN (Middle English)
Indirect question
--- with WHETHER
Infinitival clause
--- adjunct (`IP-INF-ADT`)
--- complement (`IP-INF`)
--- complement of THAT
--- free relative
--- question
--- relative
--- subject, extraposed
--- subject, in situ (`IP-INF-SBJ`)
Infinitival marker
Infinitive
--- extraposed
--- of modal
--- with FOR TO
Inherent reflexive (`NP-RFL`)
Interjection (`INTJ`)
Interjection phrase (`INTJP`)
Internal structure
--- of clauses
--- of phrases
IT
--- cleft
--- expletive

J (back to top)

K (back to top)

L (back to top)

Language as proper noun
Left dislocation
Lemmatization guidelines
Lemmatized file (see Lemmatization guidelines)
Linking verb (see Copular verb)
List marker (`LS`)
Liturgical text as proper noun
Locative
--- adjective phrase (`ADJP-LOC`)
--- adverb phrase (`ADVP-LOC`)
--- noun phrase (`NP-LOC`)

M (back to top)

Measure NP (`NP-MSR`)
--- degree
--- distance
--- modifier of noun
--- clause-level
--- time
Missing (see Elided)
Modal
--- infinitive of
Modifier
--- shared
--- trace of
-MOST, adjective or adverb ending in
MOST, difference between PPCME2 and later corpora
Movement
--- out of ADJP
--- out of IP-INF
--- out of NP
--- out of PP
--- to Spec(PP)

N (back to top)

Name
--- of event as proper noun
--- of group as proper noun
--- of language as proper noun
NEED
--- impersonal verb
--- modal or verb?
NEED(S) (adverbial)
Negation
--- and conjunction
Non-wh
--- CP
--- free relative
--- phrase in Spec(CP)
Nonstructural tags
NOT (ONLY) X BUT (ALSO) Y
Noun
--- collective
--- common
--- plural
--- proper
--- singular
Noun phrase (`NP`)
--- adjunct (NP-ADT)
--- adverbial (`NP-ADV`)
--- bare
--- clause-adjoined (`NP-CAR`)
--- directional (`NP-DIR`)
--- locative (`NP-LOC`)
--- measure phrase (`NP-MSR`)
--- measure phrase modifier of adverbial particle
--- predicate (`NP-PRD`)
--- secondary predicate (`NP-SPR`)
--- temporal (`NP-TMP`)
--- with elided head
`NP-OB1`
--- with clause (or PP), with complex predicate
--- with LIKE and similar verbs
--- with monotransitive verb
`NP-OB2`
--- with cognate object verb
--- with copular verb
--- with DO SO
--- with impersonal verb
--- with LIKE and similar verbs
--- with motion verb
`NP-OB1` or `NP-OB2` with clause
--- with ditransitive
--- with monotransitive
Number
--- cardinal (`NUM`)
--- ordinal (`ADJ`)
Number phrase (`NUMP`)
--- special cases

O (back to top)

Object
--- empty
--- first and second
Object control
--- control or ECM
Office
ONE AFTER THE OTHER (see EACH IN HIS OWN WAY)
ONE
--- as head of NP
Operator, empty (see `CP-EOP`)
Ordinal number
OTHER
--- as head of NP
OUGHT TO
Overt expletive subject
--- IT
--- THERE

P (back to top)

Parenthetical
--- clause-level
--- IP (`IP-MAT-PRN`)
--- phrase-level
--- THAT clause (`CP-THT-PRN`)
--- with elision
Parsed files
Part-of-speech (POS)
--- tagged files
--- tags
Participial clause
--- complement of P
--- complement of V
--- or reduced relative clause
--- with subject
--- with subject, as subject
--- without subject
Participle
--- adjectival vs. verbal
Passive
--- trace of
PEOPLE
Philosophy and goals of annotation
Phrase-level
--- conjunction
--- correlative conjunction
Pied piping
Plural
--- marking on proper noun
--- noun
Point in time
POS (part-of-speech)
--- tagged files
--- tags
Position
--- of empty categories
--- of empty subject
--- of trace
Possessive
--- clitic (see Dollar tag)
--- modifier of N
--- noun
--- pronoun
Postmodifier
--- shared
Predicate
--- adjective phrase (`ADJP-PRD`)
--- noun phrase (`NP-PRD`)
Pre-head complement in PP
Premodifier, shared
Prenominal adjective, conjoined with postnominal adjective
Preposition
--- plus ADJP (AT BEST, IN PARTICULAR, and the like)
--- plus demonstrative plus clause
--- resumptive
--- stranding plus passive
--- with R-pronoun
Prepositional A (A-HUNTING)
Present participle for infinitive
Presentational (see Expletive)
Prices
pro
Probable error, treatment of
Pronoun
--- as head of NP
--- resumptive
Proper noun
--- by form
--- by referent
--- plural marking
Protasis of conditional, imperative used as (see Pseudo-imperative)
Pseudo-imperative (CROSS THE LINE, AND I SHOOT)
Pseudo-passive
Punctuation
Purpose infinitive
--- with a gap
--- without a gap

Q (back to top)

Quantifier
--- difference between PPCME2 and later corpora
--- floated
--- phrase (`QP`)
--- stylistic fronting of
Question
--- direct
--- direct, without inversion
--- indirect
--- infinitival
--- second conjunct of
--- tag
Quotation mark

R (back to top)

Raising, subject
Recursive conjunction structure
Reduced relative clause
--- or participial clause
Reflexive pronoun
--- inherent
Relative clause
--- AS
--- extraposed
--- , infinitival
Repetition
Resultative (see Secondary predicate)
Resumptive element
--- preposition
--- pronoun
Right-node raising R-pronoun
--- preposition with
--- trace of

S (back to top)

SAID X (see Direct speech)
Scrambling
--- out of ADJP
--- out of NP
--- out of PP
SE +TE relative clause
Secondary predicate
--- adjective phrase (`ADJP-SPR`)
--- noun phrase (`NP`)
Sentence
--- break
--- tokens, division into
SHAME (impersonal)
Shared
--- modifier
--- modifier with clausal conjunction
--- postmodifier
--- premodifier
Silent (see Elided or Empty)
Single NP
--- as NP-OB1
--- as NP-OB2
Singular noun
Sluicing
Small clause
--- as complement of P
--- licensing verb
Specifier of PP
Split topicalization
Stranded preposition, deletion of (see Chopped preposition)
Stylistic fronting of quantifier
Subject
--- empty
--- expletive
--- raising
--- infinitival
Subjunctive
Subordinate
--- clause treated as P + CP
Subordinating conjunction
Superlative adjective or adverb
--- apparent superlative
--- as modifier of elided noun
--- construed with genitive
Syntactic tags
--- basic
--- extended
--- function
--- "meta"
--- nonstructural

T (back to top)

Tag question
Tags
--- basic category
--- extended
--- function
--- "meta"
--- part-of-speech (POS)
--- syntactic
Temporal
--- adverb phrase (`ADVP-TMP`)
--- noun phrase (`NP-TMP`)
Text
--- files
--- markup
THANKS
THAT
--- as head of bare adverbial clause (`CP-ADV`)
--- clause, extraposed
--- clause, parenthetical (`CP-THT-PRN`)
--- complement (`CP-THT`)
THAT IS (TO SAY/UNDERSTAND)
THE MORE, THE MERRIER
THE MORE YOU SAVE, THE BETTER
THE MORE YOU SPEND, THE MORE YOU SAVE
THE/THAT free relative
THERE free relative
THERE relative clause
TIMES (as arithmetic operator)
TO WIT (see THAT IS)
Topicalization, split
TOUGH movement complement (`CP-TMC`)
Trace
--- constituent-final
--- constituent-initial
--- of A-movement
--- of A-bar (non-wh) movement
--- of extraposition
--- of modifier
--- of R-pronoun
--- of wh- movement
--- position of
Treatment of probable errors
TWENTY MILES FROM LONDON (`ADJP-LOC`)

U (back to top)

Unique entity as proper noun
Unit of measure
Unknown
--- POS tag
--- syntactic tag
Unlike categories, conjunction of

V (back to top)

V to C movement
V1 conditional
VB-LFD
VB-RSP
Verb
--- fronting in free relative
--- movement to C
--- phrase (`VP`)
Vocative
VP
--- extraction
--- in parenthetical
--- topicalization

W (back to top)

WALDES

(see WILLES)
Wh-
--- determiner
--- free relative
--- infinitive
--- movement, trace of
--- phrase
--- phrase, empty
--- pronoun
--- word
--- word as interjection
WHETHER
--- free relative
--- question, adverbial
--- question, direct
--- question, indirect
WILLES
WISE
WOE (impersonal)
Word-level
--- conjunction
--- conjunction of unlike categories
--- correlative conjunction
Words as clause-level constituents

X (back to top)

X (AND/BUT) NOT Y

Y (back to top)

YES/NO question

Z (back to top)

Zodiac sign

+T (back to top)